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The aim of this study is to determine the motivation of high school students to participate in physical activity and their eating attitude levels during the COVID-19 period as well as to examine the relationship between the two variables. In addition, it was also determined whether the motivation for participate in physical activity and eating attitudes differ according to gender, weekly exercise, spending time with technology, family communication times, and participation in exercise during and before the pandemic. A total of 576 high school students, including 406 girls and 170 boys, participated in the study. "Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical Activity (MSPPA)", "Eating Attitude Test (EAT-40)" and "Personal Information Form (KBF)" were used as data collection tools. Data were evaluated using correlation, multiple linear regression, MANOVA and t-test analysis techniques. It was concluded that the motivation of the students to participate in physical activity was moderate, and they did not have eating disorders. It was observed that physical activity motivation did not predict eating attitude, but there were positive and low relationships between sub-factors in relational dimension. According to gender, it was determined that the eating attitudes of female students were more positive than male students. It has been found that the motivation to participate in physical activity is higher for those who exercise before and during the pandemic than those who do not. Consequently, it can be said that during the COVID-19 process, high school students' motivation to participate in physical activity is at a moderate level, and their eating attitudes are generally not at the level of behavioral disorders.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced various aspects of people's lives;for instance, restrictions during the pandemic have forced people to think about sports participation and physical activity in new ways. There has been growing interest in technological interventions to support exercise-related behavioural changes in daily life;in particular, exergames designed to induce full-body movement offer alternatives to physical activity. Since Taiwan has a high rate of ownership of exergame-related equipment, it is worth examining players' perceptions of using exergames for exercise. This study utilised a Means-End Chain analysis with in-depth laddering interviews to investigate Taiwanese perceptions of certain attributes of exergames as most likely to produce desired consequences in accordance with their values. The findings provide researchers and practitioners interested in the use of technology for exercise with valuable implications of Means-End Chain theory and structuration theory and suggestions for exergame design and promotion.
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Opportunities to participate in physical activities (PA) and fitness exercises in public and private facilities have been reduced or banned due to social distancing regulations during the height of the global pandemic. Though Korea has not experienced lockdown, several venues have been restricted to prevent the spread of Covid-19. Despite the limitations of PA engagement, people have found alternative activities by using online platforms to keep active and fit. Thus, this study focuses on analyzing fitness-related video titles from YouTube. By collecting data through text mining and conducting network analysis, it provides basic knowledge of the fitness trends from pre- and post-Covid-19. As a result, 'exercise' was found to have the highest tendency and had strong connections to keywords that indicated specific methods of working out to become fit, but it also had connections to trendy keywords such as 'hip-up' and 'body-profile' which reflect the fitness culture in Korea.
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The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between physical activity and life satisfaction in Uzbekistan during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown time. We sampled 438 respondents surveyed online during the lockdowns from July to August 2020. The empirical results obtained with the aid of OLS regression show that physical activity is significantly and positively correlated with life satisfaction. The results remain robust even when we introduce a rich set of control variables suggested by extant research.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and potential effect of a physical exercise package on the motor proficiency of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: In this research, an experimental design was conducted in two special schools to evaluate the effectiveness of this package and identify its strengths and weaknesses. Forty students with Down syndrome were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. A total of 36 (22 male and 14 female) students out of 50 at two special schools for children with special needs between October 2020 and March 2021 were recruited for the study. Participants were aged 12.888 +or- 2.375 (12.954 +or- 2.609 for boys and 12.785 +or- 2.044 for girls) years. The 18 students in the intervention group participated in the exercise sessions, 2 or 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-tests were performed on both groups. The Physical Exercise Package included the principles of exercise, the preferred exercise methods, and the details of exercise planning for Down syndrome individuals (FITT-VP) based on the etiology of Down syndrome and the characteristics of people with this syndrome. Motor proficiency was measured using the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). Results: The results of the study showed that the designed exercise package was adhered to with all the participants attending 93.2% of the sessions, and participants significantly improved their total motor proficiency score, manual dexterity, upper-limb coordination, strength, balance, upper-limb coordination, running speed and agility and fine motor Integration (P < 0.05). However, the exercises did not significantly change the bilateral coordination and fine motor precision (P > 0.05). Conclusions: the current study result shows that developing and implementing the individualized exercise package and observing the principles set out in the program could have significant positive impacts on the motor proficiency of students with Down syndrome.
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Background & Objective This study aims to analyze the potential of HIIT training methods to increase the muscle strength and explosive power of karate athletes. Method This experimental research used a pre and post-control group design. The research subjects were selected using a purposive sampling technique and then the subjects were divided into 2 groups, namely the control group (K1) with aerobic exercises such as jogging and the treatment group (K2) with the HIIT method. A total of 24 healthy men aged 20-25 years participated in this study. The treatment was given in 17 meetings which were held 3 times in 1 week. Before being given treatment, pre-test data were collected for muscle strength, after being given treatment for 17 meetings, data were collected for post-test muscle strength. Muscle strength was measured using a leg dynamometer. Statistical analysis in this study used the IBM SPSS version 26 application, descriptive tests were carried out to obtain the mean, standard deviation, and standard error. Furthermore, the normality test was carried out using the Shapiro-Wilk method, if the data were normally distributed, the difference test was performed using a paired t-test, but if the data were not normally distributed, the difference was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The results of this study reported that the group that was given the HIIT method was able to increase muscle strength significantly (·p<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion The HIIT training method which is carried out 17 times which is carried out 3 times in 1 week has the potential to increase the muscle strength of karate athletes. Since muscle strength is a component of physical condition that is very necessary for karate athletes, it is highly recommended to apply the HIIT method in compiling a training program.
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49 Table 1Exercise Prescription template using the FITT-VP (frequency, intensity, type, time, volume and progress) principle of exercise prescription.Exercise type Frequency (per week) Intensity Time (mins/session) Volume (weekly mins) Progression As always if you develop any concerning symptoms during exercise please stop and seek medical advice 49 Table 2‘How do I estimate exercise intensity?’ patient guide as part of the exercise prescription template and patient information leafletIntensity RPE (Rating of perceived exertion) % of HR max** Talk test 0 Resting 1 2 Very light No noticeable change in breathing or sweating Low 3 Somewhat light <55% Can talk and sing 4 Light Moderate 5 Somewhat moderate 55–74% Can talk, can’t sing Increased breathing and sweating 6 Moderate 7 Somewhat hard Feeling ‘out of breath’ and increased sweating High 8 Very hard 75–90% Can’t talk or sing 9 Extremely hard 10 Maximal exertion **%HR max will not be an accurate measure of exercise intensity if your heart rate is effected by certain medications or conditions 49 Figure 1Levels of self reported physical activity based on the NAPQ-short questionnaire and WHO 2020 physical activity guidelines[Figure omitted. See PDF] 49 Figure 2Variety of patients with a diagnosis of a cardiac condition or a family history of a cardiac condition receiving an exercise prescription. HCM;hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, DCM;dilated cardiomyopathy, ARVC;arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, LQTS;long QT syndrome, Brugada;brugada Syndrome, CPVT;catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, SADS;sudden adult death syndrome, Other;Friedreich’s ataxia, ischemic heart disease, supraventricular tachycardia)[Figure omitted. See PDF]ConclusionsCompared to the general adult Irish population, self reported adherence to the WHO PA Guidelines was 6% lower among the CRY Clinic patient cohort (33% vs. 27%). Additionally, reported resistance exercise levels was lower (30%) than aerobic exercise (72%). This is despite resistance exercise being additionally beneficial for many cardiac conditions. During the period of data collection, access to gyms and group exercise was limited due to pandemic government restrictions that likely effected resistance exercise more than aerobic exercise. In fact, a significant increase in recreational walking during covid restrictions was previously reported. Exercise is often discussed during medical consultation but rarely prescribed. In our cohort only 0.5% of patients received an Ex Rx. The reported barriers to Ex Rx are lack of time, perceived lack of patient engagement, complex co-morbidities and clinician education. Attempts were made in the form of education and resource provision to clinicians to challenge perceived barriers. Ex Rx are important in the CRY Clinic not only for the known benefits of PA but as inappropriate exercise can be harmful for some cardiac conditions. The Ex Rx enabled the benefit of PA to be gained by the safe promotion of appropriate exercise to such patients (figure 2). The introduction of this PA assessment and Ex Rx was a successful call to action to incorporate exercise as medicine to the CRY Clinic. ‘Walking is a (wo)mans best medicine’ (Hippocrates 460BC).
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A sedentary lifestyle refers to being sedentary, a person who does not like to walk, exercise, or take part in any physical activity that involves activating the muscular and skeletal system, with the activity of internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, liver, etc. During the COVID-19 pandemic, when many of us are forced to exercise less, it is even more important for people of all ages and basic skills as well as exercise to be as active as possible. Insufficient physical activity is a major risk factor for overweight and obesity, both in adults and children and is implicitly involved in diseases associated with obesity. Obesity represents an important risk factor for COVID patients. The need to adopt an active lifestyle from childhood, by forming the skills to exercise in any form, whether practicing a sport or not, and adopting a healthy diet while avoiding junk foods, and understanding the nutrients that provide us with proper nutrition are mandatory conditions for combating obesity and a sedentary lifestyle, which are predominant factors in post-Covid recovery, factors that have also unfortunately contributed to increased mortality among people infected with SARSCOV. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects about 0.8 million Indian children. The incidence rate of 1:3500 male births is the most common form of all muscular dystrophies. Covid-19 pandemic cause profound devastation to the lives of DMD children. The muscles are weaker in DMD, and the children are more prone to lung infections. Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a severe lung infection that disturbs the entire function of the World. DMD already has weakness in major muscles, including the respiratory. So, the study aims to identity the effect of low-intensity aerobic exercises in children with DMD. This is a home-based pilot study with 11 DMD children and wheelchair dependent since, for ten years, they have been on continuous rehabilitation and monitoring. When the pandemic was declared in India in March 2020, all children were given clear notes on the disease and its severity to the parents. Self-created quarantine exercise protocol, which includes Limb exercises, breathing exercises, trunk mobility exercises, and positioning, was taught along with a logbook given to all the children. Video calls, and WhatsApp videos, were used to monitor them regularly. The physiotherapist made a personal visit in June 2020 to review the exercises, and subsequently on Aug 20, Oct 20, Dec 20, Feb 21, and May 21. Observations are detailed here. The infection rate was 3 out of 9, and they got admitted to the hospital for other illnesses. All the children noted Flu infection but recovered within ten days without hospitalization. The parents monitored their SPo2 and temperature and updated them in the logbook. A lung function test was done using a handheld incentive spirometer during the personnel visit by the therapist and found satisfactory. The study concluded a significant improvement in the DMD children following low-intensity and quarantine exercises.
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Background & Aims: Beginning in 2020, a deadly disease called COVID-19 spread throughout the world, plunging all countries into a viral infection. Viral infections are naturally associated with upper respiratory tract infections, which are commonly reported with fever, headache, and cough. COVID-19 virus can infect a person's respiratory system and lungs, eventually leading to death. The virus can first activate and infect macrophages. Macrophages then transfer COVID 19 to T cells and make them weak. In addition, by weakening T cells, T cell subsets are activated to increase cytokines to enhance the immune response. T cells, CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells play an important antiviral role in the body. It is noteworthy that CD4 + T cells in the body produce T cell-dependent (B) cells to increase virus-specific antibodies. On the other hand, CD8 + T cells are a toxic cell and can kill virus-infected cells. Most published studies have focused on the effect of aerobic exercise on immune system function. Recent studies have shown that tai chi and yoga exercises can also be beneficial for immune system function. Exercise has long been known as an important modulator of inflammatory processes. Exercise can apparently have both tonic and suppressive effects on the immune system. The effect of exercise on innate and acquired safety parameters depends on the intensity, load and duration of exercise. As the severity increases, immune function and ultimately the risk of infection increase. These risks depend on immune system regulators (genetics, nutritional status, psychological stress, circadian rhythms), environmental stressors (extreme temperatures, airway irritants) that increase inflammation. In response to exercise, immune cells grow, proliferate, and produce molecules such as cytokines and cytotoxic granules. Prolonged exercise, at least in healthy individuals, appears to reduce basal inflammatory status by reducing the circulation of inflammatory cytokines. Regular periods of short-term training (i.e., up to 45 minutes) with moderate intensity boost the immune system (increase T cells) while frequent periods of long-term high-intensity training (> 2 hours) can suppress the immune system. Acute exercise, even in healthy individuals, leads to a strong inflammatory response that is mediated by leukocyte mobilization (even for short periods of 6 minutes) and increases potent inflammatory mediators such as TNF-a, IL-1. The effect of increasing aerobic capacity on improving lung function and preventing lung injury can be summarized in four mechanisms. The first mechanism of aerobic exercise can prevent the suppression of the immune system by affecting the immune system and increase anti-inflammatory factors. The second mechanism contains the role of aerobic capacity in restoring the elasticity of lung tissue to normal and increasing the strength and endurance of the respiratory muscles, which helps increase ventilation, and reduce lung damage. The third mechanism includes the role of aerobic capacity as an antioxidant to limit the production of free radicals and oxidative damage. The fourth mechanism involves the role of aerobic capacity in reducing cough and clearing the airways by improving pulmonary safety and autonomic modulation.
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Cachexia is a prevalent muscle wasting syndrome among people with advanced cancer that profoundly impacts patient quality of life (QoL) and physical function. Exercise can improve QoL, physical function, and overall health in people with cancer and may be an important addition to treatment approaches for cancer cachexia. Greater understanding of patients’ perception of exercise can help elucidate the feasibility of implementing exercise interventions for cancer cachexia and facilitate the design of patient-centered interventions. We aimed to describe the perception of exercise in patients with advanced cancer and cachexia, and capture exercise motivators, barriers, and preferences, to inform the feasibility of exercise interventions. Individual interviews (n = 20) with patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer with cachexia were conducted and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Main themes from interviews were: 1) Life is disrupted by cancer and cachexia;2) Exercise offers hope;3) Exercise barriers are multifaceted;and 4) Exercise access and support are important. Participants reported that their cancer and cachexia had intensely altered their lives, including ability to exercise. Exercise was perceived as important and participants described a hope for exercise to improve their health and wellbeing. Yet, several complex exercise barriers, such as burdensome cancer symptoms and the overwhelming impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, hindered exercise participation and prevented participants from fully realizing the perceived benefits of exercise. Factors believed to improve exercise engagement and overcome exercise barriers included increased exercise support (e.g., professional supervision) and accessibility (e.g., convenient locations). Patient-reported exercise barriers and preferences can inform the design of exercise interventions, particularly within future research studies aiming to establish exercise feasibility and efficacy in people with advanced cancer and cachexia.